
People with sensory and learning differences often feel off kilter due to brain and nervous system differences. Sensory sensitivity makes people over-reactive to the light touch of someone brushing up against them, stepping down from a curb, being tipped back in the dental chair, by smells that are overwhelming to them, as well as noise. The right hemisphere that helps people understand social cues, read people’s expressions, and know how to easily make small talk or read a room, when affected is overwhelming and confusing. The neuroendocrine system is affected for example in increased levels of cortisol throughout the day resulting in a hypervigilant state or high arousal, from constant micro-traumas. That causes a person to feel they are in a state of panic all the time. There are differences in the neurotransmitters so that decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine cause dysphoria and depression. Decreased dopamine levels needed for motivation causes a sense of lethargy. Inadequate levels of oxytocin causes differences in attachment states and enjoyment of attachment. Brain wave differences are also cause for concern. Our brain waves shift when we wake up from Delta, (deep sleep) to Theta, (meditative state), to Beta, to alpha, high alert to function well at work and in school. Many people with neurodevelopmental challenges such as ADD, have brain waves in the Theta range much of the time, making maintenance of alert states more difficult. Furthermore, the anterior cingulate cortex helps with emotional regulation and decision making and monitors errors, helping with the adjustment of strategies when faced with new situations, The prefrontal cortex that helps with decision making, problem solving, and cognitive flexibility. These areas are affected in most people who are neurodiverse making transitions very emotionally charged that others accomplish seamlessly. All of these differences make people uncomfortable in their own skin, and make getting through the day exhausting. They get home and melt down. It is important for them to know about these issues so that they can structure their day in a way that is not overwhelming.
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